Neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, can bind to receptors {metabotropic receptor}, which affect G protein, which activates adenyl cyclase, which changes ATP to cAMP, which binds to cAMP-dependent protein-kinase regulatory subunit, which affects catalytic subunit, which phosphorylates protein, which opens or closes ion channels, which increases calcium ion. Such receptors amplify signals 100-fold and cause cell-effect patterns.
factors
Calcium ion and other second messengers affect cAMP activity. Metabolism uses IP3 and DAG.
speed
Response to neurotransmitter-neuroreceptor activation is 10 to 30 times slower than ionotropic response.
Biological Sciences>Zoology>Organ>Nerve>Neural Chemical>Receptor
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Date Modified: 2022.0224