Human brains {brain} have divisions and cephali [Braak, 1976] [Braak, 1980] [Brodmann, 1914] [Bullock et al., 1977] [Caplan, 1980] [Carter, 1999] [Carter, 2003] [Crick and Jones, 1993] [Crick and Koch, 1998] [Ewert, 1980] [Glynn, 1999] [Harrison et al., 2002] [Heeger et al., 2000] [Hilgetag et al., 1996] [Jastrow, 1981] [Johnson, 1986] [Kessel and Kardon, 1979] [Kimura, 1992] [Le Bihan et al., 2001] [La Cerra and Bingham, 2002] [Logothetis, 2002] [Logothetis et al., 1999] [Logothetis et al., 2001] [Mathiesen et al., 1998] [Rees et al., 2000] [Rempel-Clower and Barbas, 2000] [Schüz and Miller, 2002] [Shepherd, 1991] [Waxman, 2000] [Webster et al., 1994] [Young, 2002] [Zeki, 1993].
neuron number
Human brains have 10 billion neurons.
weight
Human brain is 2% of body weight. Larger brains can dissipate heat better.
Two genes control brain size.
size compared to body size
Brain size, energy, and metabolism vary with body size to the 3/4 power, as determined by blood-vessel or neuron-axon branching patterns.
species
Elephant-nosed fish {mormyrid} live in muddy water. Mormyrids have relatively large brains, because they have electric organs and electroreceptors.
Rays and sharks are predators and have relatively large brains.
Warm-blooded animals have relatively large brains, to improve predation.
Fruit eaters and carnivores have relatively large brains compared to insect and leaf eaters. Fruit eating and meat eating require smaller digestive systems.
Primates have big brains. Bigger brains require more time to mature, fewer babies, and longer time between babies, so primates live longer than most species. Larger relative neocortex size associates with bigger social groups in primates.
individuality
Brains differ greatly in structure and connectivity.
Biological Sciences>Zoology>Organ>Nerve>Brain
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Date Modified: 2022.0224