Blood fluid {plasma}| can be pale yellow and contain proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, salts, gases, lipids, and fatty acids. Plasma is 55% of blood.
proteins
Fibrinogen is for blood clotting. Albumin controls osmolarity and binds minerals. Alpha-globulin, beta-globulin, and gamma-globulin are antibodies.
Lipoprotein binds fat. Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) binds cholesterol and triglycerides. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) binds cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) binds nothing.
Apolipoproteins mediate fat transfer to cell receptors. ApoB gene makes apolipoprotein-beta for binding cholesterol. ApoE gene makes apolipoprotein-epsilon for binding triglycerides. ApoA gene and ApoC gene make apolipoproteins. ApoE3 gene binds better than ApoE2 gene or ApoE4 gene, which associate with Alzheimer's disease.
Blood-plasma proteins {albumin, plasma}| can maintain osmotic pressure. Low albumin indicates liver disease or malnutrition.
Fats with polar ends and non-polar ends align in water solution, so non-polar ends are at center and polar ends are on spherical surfaces {micelle}|. Other molecules can be inside.
Plasma {serum}| with precipitated fibrinogen and other clotting factors has no clotting ability.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225