First humans {Homo habilis} split from Australopithecus.
size
Homo habilis was 1.35 to 1.5 meters tall and weighed 50 kilograms.
culture
Homo habilis formed Lower-Paleolithic Oldowan Culture. Perhaps, it had labor division, cooperation, and reciprocity.
culture: tools
Homo habilis chipped sharp flakes from larger stone cores. Perhaps, it carved wood tools.
digestion
Homo habilis ate plants and meat.
hunting
Perhaps, Homo habilis scavenged, hunted, and had food sharing.
body
Homo habilis had curved finger bones, long arms, short legs, and modified pelvic and leg bones.
walking
Upright walking on arched feet allowed better running, jumping, balance, and flexibility.
reproduction
No estrus in females allowed continuous sexual receptivity. Intervals between births are shorter for humans than for great apes.
skin
Few body hairs allowed skin sensitivity.
head
Homo habilis had post-orbital septum and thin brow ridges. Skull back was round.
brain
Large left-brain Broca's motor speech area indicates speech. Advanced vocal cords and brain language areas allowed better communication. Bigger frontal and parietal lobes were in 700-cc brains, with 4.0 encephalization quotient. Brain had sulci and gyrus patterns like Homo sapiens. Two more cell layers in neocortex increased processing complexity and information distribution.
senses
Homo habilis had reduced smell sense and integrated senses.
Biological Sciences>Zoology>Kinds>Hominin
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Date Modified: 2022.0224