Early hominins {Australopithecus afarensis} were gracile, weighed 35 kilograms, and were one meter tall.
evolution
Australopithecus afarensis came from Australopithecus anamensis and was Australopithecus-gahri ancestor.
tools
Australopithecus afarensis used pebble tools.
climbing
Australopithecus afarensis had climbing adaptations in fingers, hands, wrists, elbows, and shoulders, with long arms and short legs.
walking
Australopithecus afarensis was bipedal with full striding gait, putting body weight over one leg while other leg moved. It had arched feet and non-opposable big toes, like modern human feet. It had knee valgus angle. It had great pelvic width. Perhaps, width was for pelvic rotation in walking. It had short, broad, backward, extended, iliac blades.
hand
Australopithecus afarensis had shorter thumbs.
society
Perhaps, Australopithecus afarensis had large kin-related and many-male groups, with some non-kin females.
digestion
Australopithecus afarensis had large and flat cheek teeth, suggesting fruit and leaf diet.
face
Australopithecus afarensis had big faces.
brain
Australopithecus afarensis had 400-cc brains, with 3.1 encephalization quotient. It had forward-placed and downward-directed foramen magnum, indicating head was upright on spine. Bipedalism led to an enlarged occipital-marginal-sinus system, which forced new blood hydrostatic pressures on vertebral venous plexus.
Biological Sciences>Zoology>Kinds>Hominin
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Date Modified: 2022.0224