Apes {great ape} evolved.
skeleton
Great apes have shoulder blades on back, while lesser apes have shoulder blades on sides. Great apes have shallow ribcages, while lesser apes have deep ribcages. Great apes have flexible hips, while lesser apes have restricted movement.
skeleton: spine
Great apes have short stiff S-shaped spines with two curves, rather than straight or single-curve spines, for more upright posture. S-shaped spine is more flexible, allows running, and aids balance. Great-ape vertebrae projections point out back, while lesser-ape vertebrae projections point to side.
arm
Great apes have big hands, while lesser apes have small hands. Great apes can make rapid arm movements similar to hammering, clubbing, and throwing. Great apes can extend elbow joint fully, while lesser apes cannot make arm straight. Great apes have arms longer than legs, while lesser apes have equal lengths.
tools
Great apes make and use tools.
hunting
Great apes hunt, but not with tools.
society
Great apes live in societies, which increase opportunities for learning, experience, and knowledge.
senses
Great apes do not correlate senses.
evolution
Apes and great apes split 15 million years ago. Great apes evolved from Proconsul-like lesser apes.
Pongo pygmaeus {orangutan} are great apes, are solitary, have no tail, live in trees in nest, and are in Borneo and Sumatra rain forests. They are safe in treetops. They can live for 60 years.
sex
Males become mature at 12 to 14 years, are twice as big as females, have flanges, have throat sac for yelling {long call}, and have long orange hair. Puberty is at age 7 to 9. If group has dominant male, young males can stay pubescent.
tools
In swamp forests of Sumatra and Borneo, where food is abundant, they can learn to use tools at 7 years old.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225