Anthropoid apes {anthropoid ape} (hominids), such as gorillas and chimpanzees, differentiated from apes in hands, feet, arms, and legs.
types
Propliopithecus was first anthropoid ape and direct ancestor of all hominids.
hand
Anthropoid apes have grasping hands.
walking
Anthropoid apes walk upright, requiring mechanisms for balance, allowing farther and greater lateral vision, and requiring learned gait. Anthropoid apes have wider territory and shared or secured territory.
habitat
Gorillas live on ground, and others live in trees.
communication
Anthropoid apes communicate, using dozens of meaningful sounds, about objects but do not have mental states.
vision
Color vision can see ripe fruits in forest and recognize faces.
brain
Delay system in frontal lobe between senses and motor nerves possibly allows decision-making. Anthropoid apes are curious, reason, have emotions, have social instincts, and imitate. Great apes have neurons in anterior cingulate that have apical dendrite and dendrite near axon and look like spindles.
largest anthropoid ape, black, terrestrial, vegetarian, equatorial West Africa {gorilla} (Gorilla gorilla).
Genus Pan apes {Pan, ape} split from gorillas and was like chimpanzee, pygmy chimpanzee, or bonobo. Pan apes weigh 30 to 60 kilograms. They eat fruit and have large canine teeth with thin enamel. They have long arms and legs. They are arboreal. They are knuckle walkers on all fours. They are sexually dimorphic and have polygynous social structure. They are hairy.
pygmy chimpanzee {bonobo}|.
Chimpanzees {chimpanzee} are great apes. Chimpanzees can communicate using complex sign or symbol systems and have more than 30 meaningful vocalizations. Chimpanzees can cooperate. Chimpanzees can deceive others. Chimpanzees have concept of self. Chimpanzees use and make tools. Given puzzles, they manipulate pieces, even without reward.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225