Spiral-corkscrew bacteria {spirochete} include syphilis.
Spiral bacteria {borrelia} can cause Lyme disease.
Spiral bacteria {Helicobacter pylori} can live in high-acidity human stomachs, cause peptic ulcers, trigger stomach cancers, have cylindrical bodies, and have four flagellae. They can protect against acid reflux and esophagus cancer.
genes
Genome has 1,700,000 bases, has 1550 genes, and varies by 6%. CagA gene makes CagA protein, which increases stomach-cancer probability. CagA gene region makes proteins for type IV secretion system (TFSS). TFSS can inject protein toxins into host cells, and Helicobacter injects CagA protein. In host cells, CagA changes and affects shape, secretion, and signaling. Host cells make cytokines. VacA gene makes VacA protein, which causes vacuoles and coats helper T cells.
Spiral-coil bacteria {spirilla} include cholera.
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225