Drugs {drug} {pharmaceutical, drug} include anesthetics, antibiotics, depressants, hallucinogens, muscle relaxers, stimulants, and tranquilizers [Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968] [Atkinson et al., 1999] [Atkinson et al., 2000] [Farthing, 1992] [Hobson, 1999] [Huxley, 1954] [Julien, 2001] [Metzner, 1971] [Metzner, 1999] [Spence and Spence, 1968] [Tart, 1972] [Tart, 1975]. Drugs are for blood, against cancer, for cognition, against fever, for GI tract, for hypnosis, against mental illness, against pain, for skin, and for sleep.
altered state
Drugs can provide atypical arousal, attention, emotions, body image, imagination, memory, meaning, perception, reasoning, self-control, sense of self, suggestibility, talking to oneself, time scale, and values {drugged state} {altered state of consciousness}.
FosB transcription factor
Regular drug use, and other stimuli that give reward, increase nucleus-accumbens transcription factors {FosB transcription factor}, which degrade slowly and cause sensitization.
depression
Drugs can cause or alleviate depression.
hallucination
Drugs can cause or stop hallucinations. Drugs can cause hallucinations that change sense qualities to another of same or different sense. For example, hallucinations can make red seem blue, high voice sound low, sweet seem sour, and pain be pleasurable. Perhaps, imagination and expectation of vivid and mind-altering hallucinations causes such hallucinations.
hypnosis
Drugs can cause hypnosis.
memory
Drugs do not affect short-term memory. If drugs reduce brain electrical activity, brain has no memory consolidation or long-term memory. After memory consolidates, drugs do not affect long-term memory.
mood
Depressants, hallucinogens, hypnotics, pain blockers, sleep inducers, stimulants, and tranquilizers affect mood.
near-death experience
No drugs cause near-death experiences.
out-of-body experience
Drugs that relax body and reduce body image can induce out-of-body experiences.
pain
Drugs can cause or alleviate pain.
sleep
Drugs can cause or stop sleep. REM sleep diminishes with antipsychotics, anxiolytic drugs, and benzodiazepines.
stimulation
Drugs can cause or alleviate stimulation.
tranquilization
Drugs can cause or alleviate tranquilization.
Biological Sciences>Medicine>Drug
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Date Modified: 2022.0224