Drugs {antibiotic}| can treat infections by killing infectious microorganisms. Penicillin and other beta-lactams inhibit cell-wall protein synthesis. Erythromycin and tetracycline antibiotics inhibit bacterial ribosomes, preventing protein production. Streptomycin and other aminoglycosides bind to rRNA. Quinolones inhibit enzymes used to replicate DNA. Sulfonamides inhibit DNA synthesis. Ciprofloxacin and rifampicin {fluoroquinolone} bind to gyrase enzyme and prevent DNA replication.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) makes enzyme that splits antibiotic {antibiotic resistance}. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) has five-gene cassette that alters cell-wall receptor. Bacteria can make cell-membrane systems that pump out antibiotics.
As part of SOS response, bacterial cells can attach RecA protein to single-stranded DNA, which splits LexA regulatory protein, which derepresses genes that cause DNA mutations, which alter drug targets. Binding compound to LexA first, to prevent splitting by RecA, can prevent mutation resistance.
Actinomycetes can make antifungals {mycangimycin}.
Myxobacteria Stigmatella aurantiaca can make antibiotic molecules {myxochromide}.
Verrucosispora actinomycetes can make antibiotics {abyssomicin}.
Streptomycin {aminoglycoside} can inhibit enzyme synthesis.
Drugs {bacterin} can destroy bacteria.
Penicillin, methicillin, and penicillin-derivatives {beta-lactam} can inhibit cell-wall protein synthesis [1940].
Imipenem {carbapenem} can inhibit cell-wall protein synthesis.
Ceftibuten {cephalosporin} can inhibit cell-wall protein synthesis.
Drugs {chloramphenicol} can be early antibiotics [1949].
Ciprofloxacin {fluoroquinoline} can inhibit enzymes. Ciprofloxacin treats anthrax.
Vancomycin {glycopeptide} can inhibit cell-wall protein synthesis [1958].
Drugs {hexachlorophene} can destroy bacteria mechanically.
Drugs {lipopeptide} can be in membranes [2003].
Erythromycin {macrolide} can inhibit enzyme synthesis [1952].
Retapamulin {mutilin} can inhibit enzyme synthesis [2007].
Linezolid {oxazolidinone} can inhibit enzyme synthesis [2000].
Ciprofloxacin {quinolone} can inhibit DNA unwinding [1962].
Drugs {streptogramin} can kill streptococci [1962].
Drugs {sulfa drug} can be amines with sulfur [1938].
Sulfamethoxazole {sulfonamide} can inhibit nucleic-acid precursor synthesis.
Minocycline {tetracycline} can inhibit enzyme synthesis [1949] and microglial activation. Minocycline can cross brain-blood barrier but does not affect astroglia or neurons.
Drugs {triclocarban} can be similar to triclosan.
Drugs {triclosan} can be similar to triclocarban.
Drugs {trimethoprim} can inhibit nucleic-acid precursor synthesis.
Drugs {antiviral drug} can inhibit M2, used by viruses to detach or attach. Drugs {amantadine} can treat Asian flu. Antiviral drugs (CS-8958) {peramvir} {oselamivir} {zanamivir} can inhibit neuramidase, used by viruses to detach from cells and enter other cells. Antiviral drugs {fludase} can inhibit viral attachment to cell sialic-acid receptors. Antiviral drugs (G00101) can stimulate RNA interference with viral information. Antiviral drugs {neugene} can use antisense DNA to bind to viral-DNA regions.
Drugs {idoxuridine} can treat eye herpes.
Drugs {inosiplex} can be for colds, flu, and herpes viruses.
Drugs {levamisole} can treat herpes.
Drugs {ribavarin} {Virazole} can be for flu, infectious hepatitis, and herpes viruses.
Oral vaccines {Sabin vaccine} can work against polio.
Injected vaccines {Salk vaccine} can work against polio.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225