Brain-half anatomy and function differ {lateralization, cerebral}. Brain halves integrate by cross connections.
split brain
After corpus-callosum surgery {callosotomy} {split brain}, patients feel the same as before, with one self and same consciousness [Akelaitis, 1941] [Akelaitis, 1944] [Bogen, 1986] [Bogen, 1993] [Bogen, 1997] [Bogen and Gazzaniga, 1965] [Bogen and Gordon, 1970] [Bogen et al., 1965] [Gazzaniga, 1995] [Gazzaniga, 2004] [Geschwind and Galaburda, 1987] [Gordon and Bogen, 1974] [Greenblatt, 1997] [Kinsbourne, 1982] [Kohler et al., 2000] [Luck et al., 1989] [Luck et al., 1994] [Mark, 1996] [Miller et al., 2000] [O'Shea and Corballis, 2001] [Pettigrew and Miller, 1998] [Schiffer, 2000] [Schmitt and Worden, 1974] [Sperry, 1961] [Sperry, 1974] [Wigan, 1844].
However, experiments that detect what hemispheres know show that split-brain patients can have two consciousnesses. Consciousness can be only or mainly in left side, be only reportable from left side, be always both sides, or automatically switch back and forth between two selves.
right brain
Right brain has minimal attention, consciousness, emotion, imagery, memory, perception, verbal ability, and will.
connections: corpus callosum
Corpus callosum carries high-level information, mostly excitation. People can have impaired corpus callosum from birth {callosal agenesis} and develop integrative and substitute processing.
connections: other
Information about existence and spatial and temporal locations can pass between brain halves through smaller interhemispheric pathways and by relay through brainstem and thalamus.
self
Self or mind integrates brain modules through corpus callosum, brainstem, thalamus, and other pathways, by inhibition and excitation.
interpreter
Patients with severed commissures have no information exchange, but hemisphere with language ability {the interpreter} invents explanations. Only that hemisphere is highly conscious [Gazzaniga, 1992].
drugs
Amobarbitol can anesthetize either hemisphere.
locations: arousal
Arousal mechanisms affect both hemispheres equally.
locations: attention
Attention from brainstem and midbrain goes to both hemispheres, each of which can try to control attention.
locations: hearing
Ear sound information mostly goes to other side.
locations: language
Broca's area semantic-and-syntactic language processing is typically only in left hemisphere. However, both sides have vocabulary and perception processing.
locations: pain
Pain information goes to both hemispheres.
locations: proprioception
Proprioception information goes to both hemispheres.
locations: space and time
Right hemisphere seems better at high-level spatiotemporal processing.
locations: touch
Touch information goes to both sides, though less to same side.
locations: vision
Visual information from right or left visual field goes to left or right hemisphere, but patients have unified visual fields.
locations: voluntary movement
Eye-saccade initiation and monitoring and voluntary large-muscle movement are on both sides.
factors: age
With age, corpus callosum has more myelination.
factors: gender
Men have more language lateralization.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224