Organic psychoses can involve shaking convulsions {epilepsy}| {seizure, epilepsy} {convulsion} [Elger, 2000] [Fried, 1997] [Oxbury et al., 2000] [Penfield and Jasper, 1954] [Salloway et al., 1997].
cause
Strong electrical signals can cause altered consciousness, altered perception, and poor opposite-body-side muscle control.
types
Whole brain can become electrically abnormal {primary generalized seizure}. Cerebral-cortex regions can become electrically abnormal in focal seizure.
start
Seizures can begin with abdominal sensations, altered thoughts, or altered perceptions, which people can remember afterwards.
symptoms
Epileptic states {epileptic automatism} can involve large brain regions, unconsciousness, chewing, lip smacking, organized but purposeless arm or hand movements, laughing, being scared, and using isolated words. States can last for several minutes, mostly in temporal lobe. Normal function, deep sleep, or disoriented state follows. People have no memory of automatisms.
incidence
6% of people have at least one epileptic seizure.
factors: age
Seizures are more likely in early childhood, adolescence, and old age. Petit-mal seizures happen mostly in childhood and adolescence.
factors: genetics
Epilepsy is hereditary, especially temporal-lobe epilepsy.
drugs
Gamma-aminobutyric acid treats epilepsy.
In petit-mal epilepsy, tonic phase and consciousness loss can last several seconds, and people can stare blankly {absence, epilepsy} with eyelid flickering and/or facial and arm muscle twitching [Crunelli and Leresche, 2002]. Large repeated currents between thalamus and cortex cause absence. People do not fall to ground.
Seizures can begin with abdominal sensations, altered thoughts, or altered perceptions, which people can remember afterwards {aura, epilepsy}. Electrically stimulating brains elicits images and sense qualities that are like the dream-like sense qualities that patients experience when epileptic, and removing brain tissue does not delete the sense qualities [Penfield, 1958] [Penfield, 1975] [Penfield and Perot, 1963].
Epilepsy can have upward arm jerk, head nod, and forward trunk bend {myoclonic jerk}.
Epilepsy {petit mal seizure} can involve one brain region and have twitching, consciousness, and weird feelings, tastes, or smells. Focal epilepsy can have a déja vu "dreamy state" experience.
Epilepsy {grand mal seizure} {grand-mal convulsion} {tonic-clonic convulsion} can involve whole brain, whole-body seizures, consciousness loss, and repeated muscle tightening and relaxing [Canger et al., 1980] [Ebner et al., 1995] [Gloor, 1986] [Gloor et al., 1980] [Inoue and Mihara, 1998] [Lux et al., 2002] [Pedley and Guilleminault, 1977] [Reeves, 1985]. Muscles can stiffen symmetrically, people can cry out, breathing can stop briefly, and people can lose consciousness {tonic phase}. Then people can fall to ground and have muscle jerking {clonic phase}. Cyanosis blue color can develop around lips or face, bladder can empty, bowels can empty, and people can bite tongue. Left-hemisphere seizures more often result in consciousness loss.
4-Medicine-Disease-Kinds-Organ-Nerve
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Date Modified: 2022.0225