Fatty substances can stick to blood-vessel walls {atheroma}, eventually causing artery narrowing stenosis.
Arterial-wall smooth-muscle-cell fibrous plates can catch fatty debris, clotted blood, and connective tissue {atherosclerosis}| {arteriosclerosis}, to make blobs {plaque}. If blobs break, blood clots can form, which later can stay or break off and block blood flow.
Statins decrease LDL.
Molecules {vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1} (VCAM-1) can attract monocytes and lymphocytes to epithelia and cause inflammation. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate anti-oxidant represses VCAM-1 gene. Lipid peroxide activates VCAM-1 gene.
Coronary arteries can have blockage {coronary}| {coronary thrombosis}.
Blood-vessel obstruction or constriction can cause low blood supply {ischemia}| in organs and tissues.
Arteries can have blockage {occlusion, artery}|.
Leg arteries can have blockage {peripheral artery disease} that causes calf pain. Ankle-brachial index measures leg-artery clogging.
Arteries can narrow {stenosis}|.
Brain blood vessels can burst, or emboli can block blood vessels {stroke}| {apoplexy}. One-sixth of strokes involve cerebral-hemorrhage bleeding. Five-sixths of cases involve artery blockage, causing brain-tissue infarction.
causes
Main cause is hypertension. Atheroma can cause stenosis. Occlusion or embolism can weaken vessels, leading to breaking and bleeding.
effects
First, one body side has arm and leg weakness {hemiplegia, stroke}. Brainstem pressure coning can cause drowsiness, unconsciousness, respiratory paralysis, and ultimately death. Low oxygen can cause consciousness loss. About one-third of patients die within three weeks. Stroke is third major death cause in USA and Europe, in 0.2% of people each year, three quarters in seniors. Survivors often have partial arm or leg paralysis.
Blood-clot thrombi can block blood vessels {thrombosis}|.
4-Medicine-Disease-Kinds-Organ-Circulation
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Date Modified: 2022.0225