Tumor-virus genes {oncogene} can make host cells cancerous. Viral oncogenes are SV40 and polyoma T-antigen gene, adenovirus E1A and E1B genes, and papillomavirus E6 and E7 genes. Testicular germ-cell tumor (TGCT) gene, prostate-cancer-susceptibility gene, and familial male breast-cancer gene are on X-chromosomes. Src gene, BRAF gene, c-fos gene, and c-erbb3 are other oncogenes. Oncogenes number more than 100.
transformation
Oncogenes change host genomes by transformation. Oncogene products repress genes that stop cell growth and control oncogenes. Oncogene products start DNA replication, cell growth, and viral gene transcription. Viruses typically affect non-growing cells. Cancer daughter cells are cancerous, too.
mutation
Oncogenes mutate to activate. Perhaps, some cells are more susceptible to mutation.
cell death
Oncogenes send cell-death signals, which survival signals from other genes suppress. Perhaps, oncogenes protect against viruses.
transcription factors
fos gene, myc gene, rel gene, and other oncogenes can be transcription factors. B-cell tumors activate c-myc genes. Neuroblastomas have N-myc-gene over-replication. Avian leukosis virus goes into host genomes and then activates cellular myc proto-oncogene, so it transforms slowly.
signal transduction
Oncogenes can be in signal-transduction pathways. Oncogenic src-gene, abl-gene, and lck-gene protein-tyrosine kinases send signals even if they have not received initiation. Rous-sarcoma-virus src gene transforms quickly.
growth factor
Monkey-retrovirus sis genes encode platelet-derived growth factors that stimulate cells. Viral erbB genes make epidermal growth factor receptors without EGF initiation.
retrovirus
Cancer genes are similar to retrovirus genes. Cancer genes make protein kinases for protein phosphorylation. Phosphorylation cascades phosphorylate tyrosine in ATPase and trigger cell malignancy.
G protein
Harvey-sarcoma-virus ras gene products act like G proteins, but do not remove GTP. Ras-gene proteins associate with proteins {GTPase activating protein} {GAP protein}. IRA-gene products are similar to GAP proteins.
Biological Sciences>Medicine>Disease>Kinds>Cancer>Genes>Oncogene
4-Medicine-Disease-Kinds-Cancer-Genes-Oncogene
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0224