Projects {genome, human} {Human Genome Project} sequenced human DNA.
purposes
From nucleotide sequences, experimenters can determine gene number, types, and relations. They can identify functional regions, coding regions, pseudogenes, and loci. They can identify regulatory regions, such as promoters, enhancers, silencers, trans-activating factors, transcription factors, and transcription-factor receptors. They can identify splicing sites, such as RNA splicing sites and alternative splicing sites. They can identify repeat regions, such as simple repeats like STR, complex repeats like Alu, or coding-triplet repeats. They can identify translocations and DNA-rearrangement signals. They can identify three-dimensional structure sites. They can identify antigen response sites. They can identify sites involved in polymorphism, disease, and development.
evolution
Experimenters can find racial, cultural, geographic, and individual variations. They can identify evolutionary regions, such as orthologues or dot matrices. They can trace human DNA evolution. They can define heredity traits and study questions about environment role {nature vs. nurture debate}.
questions
Should fetal tissues be research tools?
Should society allow changes to germ cells? How much diversity should society maintain and how much should society try for perfection? Which eugenics program is best, if any? Do parents have right to choose children gender?
Who owns information about genes, regions, or proteins, and is it patentable? Who owns genetic materials and data?
Who can access genetic information: relatives, governments, insurance, and/or employers? How can people have privacy?
Should gene therapies modify behavior? Should society screen everyone for genetic diseases or traits? Is it ethical to have disease diagnosis without available treatment? Should society allow children to have genetic defects, and what are defects? Are treatment costs important factors?
Is anyone liable for genetic makeup or behavior consequences? Does or will genetic defects cause social stigma?
How much education about genetic issues is practical and/or useful?
Biological Sciences>Genetics>Genome
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Date Modified: 2022.0224