At fertilization, genes {maternal-effect gene} from mother can code for transcription factors that establish front-to-back and top-to-bottom embryo polarity: bicoid protein, nanos protein, and dorsal gene protein transcription factor.
Proteins {bicoid protein transcription factor}, at only one pole, can make top-to-bottom gradient across embryo {morphogen, bicoid}. Nanos is at one pole, and bicoid is at other pole.
Proteins {nanos protein transcription factor}, at only one pole, can make top-to-bottom gradient across embryo. Nanos is at one pole, and bicoid is at other pole.
Maternal-effect follicle-cell genes can code for transcription factors {dorsal gene protein transcription factor} that establish front-to-back embryo polarity. Factor is similar to rel protein and NF-kappaB. Factor concentrates in cell nucleus ventrally, and cytoplasm dorsally, in all embryo cells. Cactus gene and Toll gene can partition dorsal-gene-protein transcription factor to these cell locations.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225