Genes {CETP gene} can control blood cholesterol-particle size.
Genes {CSE gene} can make enzyme that makes hydrogen-sulfide vasodilator.
Human red-blood-cell surface genes {Duffy gene} can make part of Plasmodium receptor, in brain, spleen, and kidney.
Enzymes {gamma-glutamyl carboxylase} can clot human blood, be in fruit flies, make cone snail venom, and participate in embryonic development. Carboxylase began at least 540 million years ago, when arthropods, mollusks, and chordates diverged, because arthropod, mollusc, and chordate gamma-glutamyl-carboxylase genes have similar introns, which direct protein folding. Therefore, introns began before 540 million years ago.
Transcription factors {hypoxia-inducible factor 1} {HIF-1 gene} can increase after hypoxia and cause increased red-blood-cell mass, blood-vessel growth, and increased ventilation.
Using sugar, proteins {selectin gene} can bind to white blood cells, to allow cells to leave blood and go into tissue.
Genes {tryptophan hydroxylase I gene} can make serotonin for blood.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225