Homologous-chromosome genetic loci can have different alleles {heterozygous alleles}|. Population allele frequencies determine probability that individuals are heterozygous {heterozygosity}.
Homologous-chromosome genetic loci can have same allele {homozygous alleles}|.
Inheritance laws can depend on cell factors {pangenesis, cell}. Darwin invented the word [1868]. De Vries invented the word pangen.
Trait inheritance uses regular processes {Mendel's laws} {Mendel laws}: law of segregation and law of independent segregation.
For all genes, sperm and egg cells have one gene allele {segregation law} {law of segregation, Mendel}, from either father or mother.
Most gene segregations are independent {independent segregation law} {law of independent segregation}, because genes typically are not on same chromosome or are far apart on same chromosome.
For heterozygosity, phenotypes can mix two allele traits {incomplete dominance}, one allele {dominant allele}| can determine phenotype, or both alleles can cause recessive trait.
For heterozygosity, one allele can be dominant and one allele {recessive allele}| can have no affect on phenotype, or both alleles can cause recessive trait.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225