Two-layer phospholipids {plasma membrane} {membrane, cell}| {cell membrane} surround cytoplasm and have integrated proteins. Phospholipid polar ends point toward outsides. Non-polar ends are between layers. Unsaturated fatty acids and other non-polar molecules can diffuse quickly through non-polar cell membrane.
proteins
Cell membrane has 25% of cell protein. Membrane proteins can help make phospholipids. Membrane proteins have patterns caused by external and internal electric forces.
proteins: channels
Membrane proteins {permion} can have channels that allow cations to pass from side with high concentration to side with low concentration. Cations control permion opening and closing. By active transport using energy from ATP and proteins, molecules can go across membrane from side with low concentration to side with high concentration.
proteins: receptors
Protein receptors {cell surface receptor} bind circulating proteins and can facilitate transport across cell membranes.
Biological Sciences>Cell>Organelle
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Date Modified: 2022.0224