Botany kingdoms {fungus}| {fungi} {true fungi} can have saprophyte or parasite organisms with no chlorophyll. Fungi have cellulose or chitin outer walls, live in dark moist places, and reproduce by fission, budding, spores, or sexual reproduction. Fungi include zygomycetes or mold, ascomycetes or sac fungus, basidiomycetes or club fungus, fungi imperfecti, and phycomycetes or algae-like fungi.
Most fungi have branching tubular cell filaments {hyphae}|.
Some fungi have multinucleate bodies {mycelium}|, which can aggregate with others.
Sac fungi can have close relations with green or blue-green algae {lichen}|, for photosynthesis and protection. Lichens can dissolve rocks to make soil.
Sac fungi produce spores in sacs {ascus}| {asci}.
Club fungi have sexual reproduction, using enlarged cells {basidium}| at hyphum tips for spore formation.
Fungi {ascomycetes} {sac fungus} can have asci and can reproduce by budding. Sexual reproduction unites gametes to form fruiting bodies with asci. Ascomycetes are not poisonous and include yeasts, powdery mildew, cheese mold, fruit mold, jelly mold, and truffle.
Fungi {basidiomycetes} can have sexual reproduction using basidia. Basidiomycetes include mushroom, toadstool, puffball, rust, smut, ergot, and bracket fungus.
Fungi {phycomycetes} {algae-like fungi} can have haploid cells, which make diploid cells by heterogamy or isogamy. One gamete must be + strain, and the other gamete must be - strain. Phycomycetes include bread mold, downy mildew, and white rust.
Fungi {zygomycetes} can be molds, such as black bread mold. Pilobolus has eyespot and ejects spores in light direction.
Other true fungi {fungi imperfecti} include ringworm, athlete's foot, and barber's itch.
Zygotes can form by fusing gametes {heterogamy}| from adjacent different-plant hyphae.
Zygotes can form by fusing gametes {isogamy}| from adjacent same-plant hyphae.
Soil molds {aspergillus} are fungi.
Fungi {dry rot} can make trees brittle and dry.
Fungi {endophyte} can be parasitic on grasses and toxic to grazing animals.
Rye plants can have poisonous Basidiomycetes fungi {ergot}.
Perennial mushrooms can make circles {fairy ring}.
White phycomycetes {mildew} can coat organic surfaces.
Fungi can be molds {mold, fungus}.
Basidiomycetes include mushrooms {mushroom, plant}. Poisonous and non-poisonous mushrooms look similar. Mushroom hyphae are below ground. Mushroom caps are fruiting bodies.
Fluffy fungi {puffball} are in family Lycoperdaceae.
Basidiomycetes include rusts {rust, fungus}.
Ustilaginales basidiomycetes fungi {smut} can make black patches on cereal grasses.
Basidiomycetes fungi {toadstool} can have umbrella-shape. Toadstools can be poisonous and are never for eating.
Tuber sac fungi {truffle, fungus} can grow underground and/or in tree roots.
Basidiomycetes include rust {witches' broom}.
Sac fungi {yeast, fungus} can have one cell, as budding yeast and fission yeast.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae {budding yeast} {baker's yeast} {brewer's yeast} have buds that start DNA synthesis. Buds then grow through all stages.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe {fission yeast} have cell divisions that start DNA synthesis.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225