He lived 838 to 923.
He lived 1624 to 1689 and described diseases accurately. Hysteria in women and hypochondrias in men are similar. Hysterical symptoms often accompany depression. He invented opium tincture {laudanum, Syndenham} [1660].
He lived 1818 to 1865 and started hand washing in chlorine solution [1847].
He lived 1822 to 1895 and studied yeast and fermentation [1855], developed pasteurization [1864], and developed rabies vaccine [1883]. Organic molecules can have chirality. Cells come from cells, with no spontaneous generation.
He lived 1821 to 1902 and studied cell theory. Cells arise from each other over continual generations {Omnis cellula e cellula}.
He lived 1827 to 1912, used carbolic acid on wounds to prevent infection [1866], and studied bacteria, antiseptics, heat sterilization, and operative techniques [1877].
He lived 1843 to 1928 and developed operations to treat brain injuries and diseases. Cerebral functions are in fixed brain areas.
He lived 1848 to 1905, studied sensory aphasia and word-usage and word-choice disorders, and invented language brain-flow diagrams. Alcoholics often have thiamine deficiency, which can cause encephalopathy.
He lived 1843 to 1910, stained bacteria [1877], grew bacterial colonies [1890], studied anthrax [1876], tuberculosis, and cholera, and developed tuberculin test [1890]. He developed Koch's postulates about disease.
He lived 1842 to 1925, studied hysteria using hypnosis, and discussed catharsis. Vagus nerve controls breathing. Semicircular canals are for balance.
He lived 1835 to 1911. He noted focal-epilepsy involuntary-movement sequences and deduced motor-cortex excitable-area spatial patterns. Patients can utter words or phrases under stress or during high emotion, though they cannot speak voluntarily.
He lived 1840 to 1902 and studied syphilitic infection, which can cause insanity and paralysis.
Charles lived 1865 to 1939. William lived 1861 to 1939. They performed surgery at Mayo Clinic [1889].
He lived 1854 to 1915. He used methylene blue as antimalarial drug [1891], trypan red and trypaflavin against trypanosomiasis, acriflavine as antibacterial, arsenical compounds (Carbarsone) against amoebas, arsenical compounds (Salvarsan and oxophenarsine) against syphilis bacteria [1907 to 1909]. He discovered drug resistance [1925].
Breinl lived 1880 to 1944 {sleeping sickness, drug}. Atoxyl kills trypanosomes [1905], which cause human trypanosomiasis. Thomas studied yellow fever.
He lived 1879 to 1970 and discovered first oncovirus, Rous sarcoma virus [1909].
He lived 1874 to 1933 and studied focal cerebral-cortex lesions, frontal-lobe functions, motor-center variability, and aphasia.
He lived 1871 to 1945 and studied psychosomatic disease and fear and rage biochemistry. Body maintains chemical and function equilibrium {homeostasis, Cannon}. Body uses feedback signals to indicate needs and to initiate action to obtain needs.
He lived 1881 to 1955. Penicillin is antibacterial drug [1928].
He lived 1898 to 1972 and studied mental deficiency and genetics of Down's syndrome and epiloia or tuberous sclerosis. Maternal age increases children's Down's syndrome, but paternal age does not. Subnormality is not qualitatively different than normal intelligence. Mental deficiency has many factors and causes, and people can perform well on some factors. Mental deficiency is more common in parents and relatives of people with IQ 50 or above than it is in parents of people with IQ lower than 50.
He performed prefrontal lobe leucotomy to cure chronic anxiety, depression with suicide risk, and obsessive-compulsive disorder [1935].
He lived 1891 to 1976, studied local epilepsy, found epileptic brain-lesion locations and extents [1938], and surgically treated local epilepsy. He electrically stimulated brains to find regions needed for language, but he also elicited images and sensations, which are same dream-like sensations that patients experience when epileptic [Penfield, 1975] [Penfield and Perot, 1963]. Removing tissue did not delete sensation.
He lived 1903 to 1998.
Kinsey lived 1894 to 1956. Pomeroy lived 1913 to 2001. Martin lived 1918 to ?. They studied sexual physiology and behavior.
He lived 1924 to 2006. One amino-acid change in hemoglobin causes sickle cell anemia [1956].
Helicobacter pylori bacteria cause ulcers [1982].
Misshapen prion proteins cause scrapie [1982].
DNA sequence of HIV published [1985].
He found first tumor suppressor gene, RB gene [1986].
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Date Modified: 2022.0225