When1: 1953
When2: 1960
Who: William Grey Walter [Grey Walter, William]
What: physiologist/inventor
Where: Britain/USA
works\ Living Brain [1953]; Neurophysiological Aspects of Hallucinations and Illusory Experience [1960]; two-channel evoked potential averager; helical scanner; 22-channel toposcope
Detail: He lived 1910 to 1976 and studied body electrical behavior {toposcopy}, muscle contraction, electroencephalograms, electroconvulsive therapy, frequency analysis, and evoked potentials. He implanted brain electrodes to study epilepsy and treat psychiatric illness in conscious humans.
Brain-function electromechanical models, with two control systems and several interacting units, can produce life-like behavior, including learning, as in electromechanical tortoise called M. speculatrix.
Brain electrical potential has negative shift between associated stimuli just before decision becomes public {contingent negative variation} (CNV). Motor cortex sends output before people act [Walter, 1953]. Helical scanner measures and displays frequencies and phases on short time-scales from many brain electrodes.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224