When1: 1859
When2: 1872
Who: Charles Robert Darwin [Darwin, Charles Robert]
What: naturalist
Where: Britain
works\ On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection [1859]; Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex [1871]; Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals [1872]
Detail: He lived 1809 to 1882. He developed plant and animals evolution theory. Natural selection of variations leads to the most-successful reproduction {survival of the fittest, Darwin}. Species evolved from earlier species, making branching evolutionary trees. Evolution has caused changes without needing causer. Evolution has support from organism location, because similar environments in different locations have different organisms, and similar, mutually accessible, locations with different environments have similar organisms. Evolution has support from comparative anatomy, because different species have similar hand bones, and species have vestigial structures. Evolution has support from embryology, because segmented-worm and unsegmented-mollusc larvae are similar, and vertebrate embryos have gills. Evolution has support from the fossil record, which shows intermediate forms. Changes have billions of years to happen. Ancient rocks and environment differ from now, and fossil life forms differ from now. Current animals adapted to present environment, not to ancient one. Finches of Galapagos Islands and barnacles were test cases.
He also studied emotions. Human emotional-response and facial-expression origins are pre-human species behaviors.
Biological Sciences>Biology>History>Evolution
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0224