metazoa

Many-celled organisms {metazoa}| {multicellular organism} include fungi, plants, and animals. Metazoa have specialized tissues.

evolution

Only eukaryotes can be multicellular organisms. About 650 million years ago, protozoa clustered, and cells differentiated into different tissues. Later eukaryotes evolved neurons. Later, jellyfish evolved sodium-ion channels for action potentials, which allow neurons to communicate over any distance.

gene transfer

Early eukaryotes incorporated early alpha-proteobacteria to make mitochondria. Early eukaryotes incorporated early cyanobacteria to make chloroplasts. Perhaps, eukaryote cytoskeleton and internal membranes came from early spirochetes, flagellates, or ciliates.

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