When1: 1996
Who: Albert Libchaber [Libchaber, Albert]
What: physicist
Where: France
Detail: He used a liquid-helium box to study turbulence onset and found that it had period doubling, as in other complex non-linear systems [1996]. First, system reaches steady state as cylinders roll, then convection rolls become toruses, then those bifurcate, making 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and so on, rolls as convection coil goes faster, and turbulence increases.
Mathematical Sciences>Mathematics>History>Complexity Theory
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Date Modified: 2022.0224