Potentials are vectors. Field or potential cross product of del and f {curl, function} describes area density. Curl is vector-field rotation rate {circulation density}, with magnitude and direction. Curl is non-linear. Using no coordinates, curl is limit, as volume goes to zero, of surface integral over closed surface, of cross product of unit outward-normal vector and function, all divided by volume. Find region-boundary function value and then divide by region volume.
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3-Computer Science-System Analysis-Functions
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Date Modified: 2022.0224