In 13th century, Catholic-Church music and secular music began to have four independent parts {polyphony}|. Soprano soloist sang one octave above melody. Soloist sang one-fifth above melody {captus}. Choir sang melody as tenor part. Bass soloist sang one octave below melody.
organum
To maintain parallel organum, singers used occasional sharp or flat notes or substituted first melody-phrase notes for sharp or flat notes. Harmony rose as melody fell, or harmony fell as melody rose, until they met at same tone.
instruments
Instruments played tenor, contratenor, and highest part {triplum, music part}.
endings
Harmonic cadences in stanza middle {open ending} or end {closed ending} divided music into phrases.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224