Literature can use contradiction {irony, literature}, in which intention is opposite of signal or result.
types
Spoken or written words can imply opposite idea {verbal irony, opposites}. During reasoning, later statements can contradict earlier statements {Socratic irony}. Characters can claim to have no knowledge but then demonstrate knowledge, as when Socrates claimed to have no knowledge, in Plato. Writers can playfully discuss contradictory ideas about love {romantic irony}, as in Romantic German literature. Action results can be opposite to what person expected, with tragic consequences {tragic irony}, as in Sophocles' works. Action results can be opposite to what person expected, for comical effect, as in farce. Fate can change action consequences or cause action changes {irony of fate} {cosmic irony}.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224