Japanese dance {bugaku-gigaku}.
Trinidad folk dance {calypso}|.
traditional Jewish dance {hora, dance}|.
traditional Hawaiian dance {hula}|.
Japanese dance {kagura}.
1920s American dances {Charleston, dance}| can be in 4/4 time.
American dances {fantan} can use a fan.
American dances {foxtrot}| can be for two people in 4/4 time.
19th-century American party dance {hoedown}|.
1940s American dances {jitterbug}| can be for two people.
20th-century American dance {lindy}|.
American dances {snake dance} can have lines.
20th-century American dances {soft-shoe}| can be for one person, using shoes with no taps.
19th-century American folk dances {square dance}| can be for four people.
20th-century American dances {tap dance}| can be for one person, using shoes with taps.
origins
Fast-step dances {clog, dance} in Ireland [400] can use hard shoes and no arm movements. Ireland and England clogs include Lancashire Clog. Irish jig came from clogging. English hornpipes and USA reels are other tap-dance bases. Barney Williams came to USA from Ireland [1840], as did the Irish Clog dancers.
levee dancer
Slaves {levee dancer} danced in rhythm on riverboats or on shore. Minstrel shows used white men with black faces {blackface} as levee dancers [1830]. The Black Bottom was minstrel dance.
musical
In 1866, Black Crook, the first musical, had burlesque, minstrel, and clog dancers. Dancing and singing shows {Shout} {Ring-Shout} depended on camp-meeting hymns and work hollers.
founders
Master Juba or William Henry Lane was clogger. "Daddy" Thomas Rice danced. Zip Coon did the dances Jump Jim Crow and Zip Coon. Barney Fagan was Father of Tap. In 1902, Ned Wayburn used dances {Tap and Step dance} in his Minstrel Misses show. Henry E. Dixey, and other dancers {pedestal dancer}, looking like statues, danced on pedestals.
steps
Steps {wing step} can be like minstrel Pigeon-Wing steps [1900]. One leg {winging leg} is off the floor while the other taps. Winging leg goes up and down {pump, tap dance} {double back} {pendulum, tap dance}. One tap is on way up, and two are on way down {three-tap wing}. It can have more taps {five-tap wing}.
Buck and Wing used clogs, jigs, and sand dance. Time step evolved from Buck and Wing style, as well as other steps {falling off a log} {shuffling off to Buffalo}. George H. Primrose of Cotton Coons Minstrel Company clogged without wooden soles {soft-shoe dance} {sand dance} [1910 to 1920]. Toots Davis in Darktown Follies [1913] invented extra routines {over the top} {through the trenches} {flash step}. Shim Sham {Shim-Sham Shimmy} began [1910 to 1920].
20th-century American dance {turkey trot} [1910].
1960s American dances {twist, dance}| can be for one person.
20th-century American dance {two-step}|.
19th-century American folk dances {Virginia reel}| can have people facing each other in two rows.
Spanish dance {bolero, dance}.
17th-century European court dance {branles}.
French dances {cancan}| in musical revues can have high kicks.
19th-century French dance {chaconne, dance}.
Hungarian folk dance {czardas}.
Spanish folk dance {fandango, dance}|.
Spanish gypsy dance {flamenco}|.
17th-century European court dance {gaillard}.
French court dances {gavotte, dance}| can be in 3/4 time.
Scottish folk dance {highland fling}|.
English and American sailor dance {hornpipe, dance}|.
Fast Irish folk dances {jig, dance}| can be in 3/4 time.
English folk dances {maypole dance} can use decorated pole with streamers for dancers to hold.
Polish folk dances {mazurka, dance}| can be in 3/4 or 3/8 time.
French court dances {minuet, dance}| can be in 3/4 time.
English folk dance {morris dance}|.
French court dance {pavan}.
Upbeat Bohemian folk dances {polka}| can be for two people in 3/4 time.
Slow Polish dance {polonaise, dance}.
French square dances {quadrille, dance}| can be for four people.
European dances {rondeau, dance}| in circles include rondelet, rondo, and roundelay.
17th-century French court dance {saraband}.
Italian traditional dance [1400 to 1600] {tarantella}|.
Smooth 19th-century Austrian dances {waltz, dance}| {valse} can be for two people in 3/4 time.
Latin-American dance {cha-cha, dance}|.
Latin-American dances {conga, dance}| can have lines.
Latin-American dance {mambo, dance}|.
Cuban dance {rumba, dance}|.
Latin-American dances {salsa, dance}| can have jazz and rock-and-roll influences.
Brazilian dances {samba}| can derive from African dance.
dramatic Argentinian ballroom dance {tango}|.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225