Sleep {paradoxical sleep} {rapid eye movement sleep}| {REM sleep} {deep sleep} can have dreaming.
properties
REM sleep has limited consciousness. REM sleep has detailed dreams. Both REM and non-REM sleep can have talking. Words relate to thoughts or dreams. REM sleep completely relaxes most body muscles and stops many reflexes but has rapid eye movements. In men, REM sleep has penis erections. During REM sleep, mammals have no temperature control.
amount
Paradoxical sleep is 20% of sleep.
20-week-old fetuses have REM sleep, indicating dreaming. For mammals, REM sleep is at highest percentage at birth and decreases with age. Three-year-old children and adults sleep 20% in REM sleep.
REM sleep diminishes with anxiety.
Recent reptiles and birds have NREM sleep and little REM sleep. Mammals have NREM sleep and REM sleep. Mammals who are more immature at birth have more REM sleep.
causes
REM sleep has high acetylcholine, from brainstem, but low serotonin and norepinephrine, from sense input.
REM sleep diminishes with adenosine, barbiturate, benzodiazepines, depressants, interleukin, and sedatives.
biology
REM sleep has high limbic activity, low cortex input and output, no sense input, and no motor neuron output. REM sleep-on cells are highly active. REM sleep has faster brain blood flow than wakeful rest.
Awakening sense thresholds are highest in REM sleep, except for stage-4 sleep.
REM sleep activation goes from pons to lateral geniculate to occipital lobe (PGO).
factors
Men and women have same REM-sleep activation system and REM sleep amounts. In mental defectives, REM sleep percentage is proportional to intelligence level.
purposes
Perhaps, REM sleep is for monoamine decrease. REM sleep is probably not for readiness or memory consolidation.
Consciousness>Consciousness>States>Sleep>Sleep Cycle
1-Consciousness-States-Sleep-Sleep Cycle
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Date Modified: 2022.0224