Regular sleep {orthodox sleep} {non-rapid eye movement sleep}| {NREM sleep} {light sleep} has only small eye movements.
properties
Consciousness is not present in slow-wave sleep. NREM sleep has little dreaming but seems to have "thinking". Both REM and non-REM sleep can have talking. Words relate to thoughts or dreams.
amount
NREM sleep is 80% of human sleep.
animals
Only vertebrates have NREM sleep. Ancient reptiles have some NREM sleep. Recent reptiles and birds have NREM sleep and little REM sleep. Mammals have NREM sleep and REM sleep.
In dolphins, one hemisphere NREM-sleeps for several hours, then other hemisphere NREM-sleeps, so they can always breathe.
causes
Melatonin, which brain makes more at night, promotes NREM sleep. During NREM sleep, acetylcholine changes from low to high. During NREM sleep, serotonin and norepinephrine change from high to low.
NREM sleep releases growth hormone, decreases adrenaline and corticosteroids levels, and increases cortisol and testosterone.
Raphe-system serotonin acts on thalamus layer-five and layer-six neurons to start light sleep.
Serotonin constricts pupils.
biology
NREM sleep has low frontal cortex activity, low cortical activity, high limbic activity, and high forebrain sleep-on-cell activity.
In NREM sleep, nerve cells synchronize at low frequency.
Hypothalamus superchiasmatic nucleus starts NREM sleep and controls progress through NREM sleep.
purposes
Perhaps, non-REM sleep reduces free-radical damage.
Consciousness>Consciousness>States>Sleep>Sleep Cycle
1-Consciousness-States-Sleep-Sleep Cycle
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Date Modified: 2022.0224