People can have trouble sleeping {sleep, problems}. Depression has shortened sleep, with no deep non-REM sleep and earlier, longer, and more intense first REM sleep. Fever-causing peptides from bacteria increase non-REM sleep but not REM sleep.
Nighttime bed urination {bed-wetting} can happen during orthodox sleep early at night. It is more frequent with daytime anxiety.
During sleep, brain may not inhibit motor neurons {REM-sleep behavior disorder} (RBD). Pons lesions can allow movements during REM sleep.
Paralysis {sleep paralysis}| {night nurses' paralysis} can begin before REM sleep or stay after REM sleep, as well as when just falling asleep or in narcolepsy [Parker and Blackmore, 2002] [Spanos et al., 1995]. In sleep paralysis, people can be afraid, hear noises, float, or feel presences, weight on chest, touches, or vibrations [Cheyne et al., 1999] [Persinger, 1999].
Daytime sleepiness, muscle-tone loss, and/or consciousness loss {narcolepsy}| can follow laughing or stress.
Brain pathway that causes muscle-movement loss during sleep has changes. Forebrain inhibits amygdala, which excites pons, which inhibits locus coeruleus, which excites muscles. Amygdala inhibits pons, which activates medial medulla, which normally inhibits motor neurons.
Perhaps, narcolepsy is an autoimmune disorder [Guilleminault et al., 1976] [Guilleminault, 1976] [Siegel, 2000].
Narcolepsy relates to an antigen {human leukocyte antigen} (HLA).
Hypocretin peptide neurotransmitter mutations can cause mammalian narcolepsy.
In people with narcolepsis, anger, fear, laughter, anticipation, or joy can cause sudden voluntary-muscle relaxation {cataplexy}| [Wu et al., 1999]. Cataplexy maintains consciousness.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225