Information from light, sound, liquid chemicals, air chemicals, temperature, pressure, and motion stimulate sense receptors, which change neurons, which affect brain states {sensation}|. Sensation is local and does not establish current environment or organism state.
types
Senses {sense} are carotid body, defecation, hearing, hunger, kinesthesia, magnetism, nausea, pleasure, pain, smell, taste, thirst, touch, urination, vestibular system, and vision.
properties
Sensations have intensities, qualities, times, and locations. Vision spectrum has one octave with no higher harmonics, colors mix, and area fills. Hearing spectrum has ten octaves, pitches do not affect each other, and area does not fill. Touch uses cell translation to indicate pressure and stress. Smell and taste use vibrations to indicate bonding.
Sense-property matrix shows properties that senses share and how property values vary among senses. Matrix columns are senses: vision, hearing, touch, temperature, kinesthesia, vestibular system, smell, and taste. Matrix rows are sense space, time, intensity, and frequency categories. For space, categories are inside-body/outside-body and continuous/discrete. For time, categories are fade/not-fade and continuous/discrete. For intensity, categories are low-magnitude/middle-magnitude/high-magnitude. For frequency or quality spectrum, categories are blending/not-blending and one-octave/more-octaves. Sensations relate two or more separated points within one psychologically simultaneous time interval and so are non-local.
similarities
Different senses have similar sense qualities. Sound and vibration are similar, because sound is fast vibration. Hearing, temperature, and touch involve mechanical energy.
Whites, grays, and blacks relate to temperature, as do warm and cool colors. White relates to vibration as noise. Sight affects balance.
Smell and taste mix. Sight, taste, and smell use chemical reactions. Smell and fluid-like touch mix. Taste and fluid-like touch mix.
causes
Sensations depend on physical light-frequency ranges; sound-frequency ranges; taste-molecule acidities and polarities; smell-molecule shapes, sizes, and vibrations; temperature increases and decreases; or tension, torsion, and compression changes.
biology
Sensation involves cerebellum, inferior occipital lobe, inferotemporal cortex, lateral cerebellum, and ventral system. Sensation can vary neuron number, diameter, length, type, molecules, membranes, axons, recurrent axons, dendrites, cell bodies, receptors, channels, and synapses. Sensation can vary neuron spatial arrangement, topographic maps, neuron layers, and neuron networks. Neurons can vary firing rates, sums, thresholds, neurotransmitter packets per spike, packet sizes, synapse shapes, and synapse sizes. Dendrites and axons can have different numbers, lengths, connections, and patterns to detect sequences, shapes, functions, and relations.
biology: sensors
Sensor properties match stimuli, and sense-surface events mirror physical-object events. Light sensors form pigment surface, and physical surfaces have pigments. Sound sensors vibrate at same frequencies as source vibrations. Touch receptors have strains, and skin surfaces have strains. Taste and smell receptors are molecules that are complementary to sensed molecules.
biology: network
Human nervous systems have integrated central and peripheral nerves that form a three-dimensional network, a space lattice. Variable lattice spacing can make space continuous. Perhaps, lattices have write and read connectors, like touch screens or magnetic-core memories.
biology: carrier wave
A carrier wave with constant amplitude and frequency can have frequency modulation (at higher frequencies) or amplitude modulation (at smaller amplitudes). Perceptual cortex appears to have physical carrier waves with frequencies of 20 to 80 Hz, on which amplitude-modulation patterns occur to represent perception. Sensory inputs form the carrier wave.
space
Skin-surface touch receptors can detect space contours. Muscle and tendon proprioception receptors can detect space distances and angles. Smell and taste systems work with touch skin-surface receptors. Touch, proprioception, smell, and taste systems make body-periphery space. Hearing can locate sounds in space outside body. Vision can locate objects in space outside body and measure distances and angles. Human brains connect outside space to body-periphery space, to make egocentric space.
evolution
Senses evolved to detect energy types. Sense receptors evolved to capture the most-useful stimuli. Brain evolved to represent the most-useful information. Body structures and processes evolve from previous designs, which constrain evolution. Evolution has no plan or pattern. First sense responded to high-intensity physical energy, was undifferentiated, and caused avoidance, withdrawal, or approach behavior.
Consciousness>Consciousness>Sense
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Date Modified: 2022.0224