If limited or noisy stimuli come from space region, perception completes region boundaries and surface textures {filling-in}| {closure, vision}, using neighboring boundaries and surface textures.
perception
Filling-in always happens, so people never see regions with missing information. If region has no information, people do not notice region, only scene.
perception: conceptual filling-in
Brain perceives occluded object as whole-object figure partially hidden behind intervening-object ground {conceptual filling-in}, not as separate, unidentified shape beside intervening object.
perception: memory
Filling-in uses whole brain, especially innate and learned memories, as various neuron assemblies form and dissolve and excite and inhibit.
perception: information
Because local neural processing makes incomplete and approximate representations, typically with ambiguities and contradictions, global information uses marked and indexed features to build complete and consistent perception. Brain uses global information when local region has low receptor density, such as retina blindspot or damaged cells. Global information aids perception during blinking and eye movements.
processes: expansion
Surfaces recruit neighboring similar surfaces to expand homogeneous regions by wave entrainment. Contours align by wave entrainment.
processes: lateral inhibition
Lateral inhibition distinguishes and sharpens boundaries. Surfaces use constraint satisfaction to optimize edges and regions.
processes: spreading
Brain fills in using line completion, motion continuation, and color spreading. Brain fills areas and completes half-hidden object shapes. Blindspot filling-in maintains lines and edges {completion, filling-in}, preserves motion using area MT, and keeps color using area V4.
processes: surface texture
Surfaces have periodic structure and spatial frequency. Surface texture can expand to help filling in. Blindspot filling-in continues background texture using area V3.
processes: interpolation
Brain fills in using plausible guesses from surroundings and interpolation from periphery. For large damaged visual-cortex region, filling-in starts at edges and goes inward toward center, taking several seconds to finish [Churchland and Ramachandran, 1993] [Dahlbom, 1993] [Kamitani and Shimojo, 1999] [Pessoa and DeWeerd, 2003] [Pessoa et al., 1998] [Poggio et al., 1985] [Ramachandran, 1992] [Ramachandran and Gregory, 1991].
Consciousness>Consciousness>Sense>Vision>Physiology
1-Consciousness-Sense-Vision-Physiology
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Date Modified: 2022.0224