One thousand cortical cells collectively {cardinal cell} code for one perception type.
Area-V4 neurons {color difference neuron} can detect adjacent and surrounding color differences, by relative intensities at different wavelengths.
Neurons {color-opponent cell} can detect output differences from different cone cells for same space direction.
Visual-cortex neurons {comparator neuron} can receive same output that eye-muscle motor neurons send to eye muscles, so perception can account for eye movements that change scenes.
Cells {double-opponent neuron} can have both ON-center and OFF-center circular fields and compare colors.
Some cortical cells {face cell} respond only to frontal faces, profile faces, familiar faces, facial expressions, or face's gaze direction. Face cells are in inferior-temporal cortex, amygdala, and other cortex. Face-cell visual field is whole fovea. Color, contrast, and size do not affect face cells [Perrett et al., 1992].
Some brain neurons {grandmother cell} {grandmother neuron} {Gnostic neuron} {place cell, vision} can recognize a perception or store a concept [Barlow, 1972] [Barlow, 1995] [Gross, 1998] [Gross, 2002] [Gross et al., 1969] [Gross et al., 1972] [Konorski, 1967]. Place cells recognize textures, objects, and contexts. For example, they fire only when animal sees face (face cell), hairbrush, or hand.
1-Consciousness-Sense-Vision-Anatomy-Cells
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Date Modified: 2022.0225