Nociceptors can have receptors {bradykinin receptor} for small bradykinin peptides, produced by peripheral inflammation.
Dorsal-horn neurons receive input from nociceptors and have calcitonin peptide receptors {calcitonin receptor} {calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor} (CGRP receptor).
Mouth nociceptors can have pepper-molecule receptors {capsaicin receptor} {VR1 receptor}, which also react to high temperature and protons.
Peripheral pain nerves can add chemical receptors {hormone receptor}. For example, stress hormones can attach to stress-hormone receptors and cause pain [Woolf and Salter, 2000].
Nociceptors can have protein-hormone receptors {nerve growth factor receptor} (NGF receptor).
All neurons that receive input from nociceptors have glutamate receptors {NMDA receptor, pain}. Dorsal-horn neurons have glutamate receptors with a specific subunit {NR2B subunit}.
NTRK1 gene makes receptors {neurotrophin tyrosine kinase receptor type 1} (NTRK1 receptor). NTRK1-gene mutations can cause a rare autosomal recessive disease (CIPA), with pain insensitivity, no sweating, self-mutilation, fever, and mental retardation.
Skin receptors {nociceptor} can detect pain, to warn about skin damage.
Many neurons, including nociceptors, have opium-compound receptors {opioid receptor}.
Nociceptors can have endomorphin receptors {prostaglandin receptor}.
Dorsal-horn neurons receive input from nociceptors and have substance-P receptors {neurokinin-1 receptor} (NK-1 receptor) {substance P receptor}. Substance P can carry saporin toxin into dorsal-horn neurons and kill them.
1-Consciousness-Sense-Pain-Anatomy
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Date Modified: 2022.0225