Sounds affect many hair-cell receptors {hearing, physiology}. Hearing finds intensities at frequencies and frequency bands (sound spectrum).
properties: fundamental missing
If people hear harmonics without the fundamental frequency, they hear the fundamental frequency, probably by temporal coding. Amplifying a chord tone causes hearing both tone and its fundamental tone, though fundamental frequency has zero intensity.
properties: octave
Animals conditioned to respond to pitch respond almost equally to its above and below octaves.
properties: phase differences
People cannot hear phase differences, but hearing can use phase differences to locate sounds.
properties: rhythm
Hearing can recognize rhythms and rhythmic groups.
properties: timing
People perceive two sounds less than three milliseconds apart as the same sound.
processes: contrast
Hearing uses lateral inhibition to enhance contrast to distinguish sounds.
processes: damping
Later tones constrain basilar membrane. Lower-frequency later tones constrain basilar membrane more. If later tone is more than 1000 Hz lower than earlier tone, to hear first tone requires high loudness. If later tone is more than 300 Hz higher than earlier tone, to hear first tone requires moderate loudness.
processes: filtering
Hearing integrates over many neurons to filter frequencies to find their individual intensities. Hearing performs limited-resolution Fourier analysis on sound frequencies [Friedmann, 1979].
processes: important sounds
Important sounds use more neurons and synapses.
processes: memory
Previous sound experiences help distinguish current sound patterns.
brain
Because brain is viscous, sound cannot affect brain tissue.
Consciousness>Consciousness>Sense>Hearing>Physiology
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Date Modified: 2022.0224