source location

Hearing perceives sound-source locations {source location} {sound location}, in space. Most space locations are silent. One space location can have several sound sources. Hearing determines sound location separately and independently of perceiving tones.

azimuth

Hearing can calculate angle to right or left, from straight-ahead to straight-behind, in horizontal plane.

elevation

Hearing can calculate height and angle above horizontal plane. People perceive lower frequencies as slightly lower than actual elevation. People perceive higher frequencies as slightly higher than actual elevation.

frequency and distance

Sound sources farther than 1000 meters have fewer high frequencies, because of air damping.

sound reflection and distance

Sound energy comes directly from sources and reflects from other surfaces. Close sounds have more direct energy than reflected energy. Far sounds have more reflected energy than direct energy. Reflected sounds have fewer high frequencies than direct sounds, because longer distances cause more air damping.

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Date Modified: 2022.0224