1-Consciousness-Sense-Hearing-Anatomy-Brain

belt area

Area {belt area} adjacent to area-A1 primary auditory cortex can receive from area A1 and respond to complex sound features.

parabelt area

Area {parabelt area} laterally adjacent to belt area can receive from belt area and respond to complex sounds and multisensory features.

tonotopic organization

Cortical frequency-sensitive auditory neurons align from low to high frequency {tonotopic organization}.

1-Consciousness-Sense-Hearing-Anatomy-Brain-Neurons

auditory neuron

Hearing neurons {auditory neuron} receive input from 10 to 30 hair-cell receptors.

frequency

Auditory neurons respond to one frequency, within several percent. Frequencies are between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz.

intensity

Auditory neurons respond to low, medium, or high intensity. Low-spontaneous-firing-rate neurons {low-spontaneous fiber} are for high-intensity sound and have narrow-band frequency tuning. With no stimulation, their firing rate is less than 10/s. Firing rate rises with intensity {rate-intensity function, neuron}.

High-spontaneous-firing-rate neurons {high-spontaneous fiber} are for low-intensity sound and have broad-band frequency tuning. With no stimulation, their firing rate is greater than 30/s. Firing rate rises with intensity to maximum at low intensity.

Mid-spontaneous fibers are for intermediate-intensity sound. With no stimulation, firing rate is greater than 10/s and less than 30/s.

omega interneuron

Free intracellular calcium ions modulate cricket hearing interneurons {omega interneuron} [Huber and Thorson, 1985] [Sobel and Tank, 1994].

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Date Modified: 2022.0225